IrinaTyunisova

17.04.2020 04:34 •  Английский язык

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… united kingdom of great britain and northern irelandis situated on … british isles, in … north-west of …europe. … british isles consist of two large islands, …great britain and …ireland, and more than 5,000 smaller islands. … smaller islands include … isle of wight, … isles of scilly, … isle of man, …anglesey, … hebrides (or …western isles), … orkney islands, … shetland islands. … channel islands lie between …great britain and …france, close to the coast of …normandy; they are a group of islands, the largest of which are …jersey, …guernsey, …alderney and …sark. though … channel islands lie off the north-west coast of …france, they recognise … crown, but have their own parliaments and are largely self-governing.

…. full official title of … british state being rather long, the shortened forms — … united kingdom (… u.k.) or …britain — are more commonly used. … u.k. consists of … england, …wales, …scotland and …northern ireland. …england, …wales and …scotland are situated on the island of … great britain, which is … largest island in …europe. the next largest island is …ireland, it is made up of …northern ireland (or … ulster) and … irish republic (or …eire).

… british isles are washed by … atlantic ocean, … irish sea, … north sea, and … english channel. … english channel separates … british isles from …europe. due to the influence of the sea the climate of …britain is temperate and moist. its characteristic features are mild winters, not very hot summers, no extremes in temperature, abundant rains all the year round, frequent changes of the weather. the prevailing winds are south-westerly, they bring warm air in from … atlantic, .. temperature rarely goes above +32 °c or below –10 °c. these winds are due to the warm sea current – …gulf stream – which keeps … west milder in winter than …east. the average monthly temperature in …winter is +4 °c, and in …summer it is +16 °c. rains fall all the year round, the driest months are …march to …june, the wettest — …october to … january. the island of …great britain is just under 1,000 km long and just under 500 km across in its widest part.

… relief of … british isles is various. … island of …great britain can be divided into two main regions: …lowland britain and …highland britain. highland britain comprises all the mountainous parts of great britain and extensive uplands lying above 300 metres. … mountains are mostly in …scotland, the highest peak is …ben nevis (1,342 m). much of …wales is also mountainous and in …england … pennine range, which is called the ‘backbone of england’, extends for 224 km. unlike highland britain with its old hard rocks and uplands, lowland britain is mainly a rich fertile plain, suitable for agriculture, but even the large agricultural plains of …east anglia are not perfectly flat. in …ireland all the highland areas are around the edge, but there are no peaks over 1,100 m.

…british rivers are short but owing to frequent rains they are deep. nevertheless, none of the rivers are navigable very far inland for ocean ships. the longest rivers of …britain are .. severn, … thames, … trent and … clyde. lakes are found in … lake district in … north of england and in … highlands of scotland.

…. british isles possess some mineral resources. they are coal, iron ore, tin, limestone, chalk, clay, slate and some others. … u.k. is rich in coal, but its production declined when a number of natural gasfields and oilfields were discovered in … north sea. natural gas began to be produced in the 1960s, and oil - in the 1970s. britain is … world’s fifth largest oil producer. … oil is brought ashore by submarine pipelines to the refineries. there are also a series of onshore pipelines which carry refined products to major marketing areas. offshore natural gas is distributed through 5,600 km of high-pressure pipelines and is used by industries and for commercial and household purposes.

over three-quarters of the land in …britain is used for agriculture. … farms are devoted to arable crops, dairying and beef cattle, pig and sheep production, poultry meat and eggs production. britain is one of …europe’s important fishing nations. … fishing industry provides about two-thirds of british fish supplies.

… population of britain is about 57 million, and it is predominantly urban and suburban. … population is increasing very slowly and in 1982 it actually fell. … highest densities of the population are to be found in conurbations, which are groups of once separate towns that have grown to form a single community. … capital of … united kingdom is london. the other largest cities are …bermingham, …glasgo, …leeds, …sheffield, …liverpool, …bradford, …manchester, …edinburgh, …bristol, …belfast and …coventry.

… national language of the country is ….english, the other languages are …welsh (in wales), …gaelic (in scotland), and …irish (irish form of gaelic – in ireland).