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1) He tied his dog up to prevent it _ running away.
2) I came _ a very old painting in an antique shop last weekend.
3) I joined the gym in _ to keep fit.
4) My brother _ his bike to school every morning.
5) David has _ been to Paris. He knows the city very well. ​

1. Maria (got) some bad news last week. She (has been) sad since she (got) the bad news.
2. I (started) school when I was five years old. I (have been) at school since I (was) five years old.
3. I (have changed) my job three times this year.
4. I (changed) my job three times last year.
5. The weather was hot and dry for many weeks. But two days ago it (rained).
6. Tom (broke) his leg five days ago. He’s in hospital. He (has been) in hospital since he (broke) his leg.
7. Are you going to finish your work before you go to bed? — I (have finished) it (already). I (finished)  my work two hours ago.

1. Look! People are hurrying along the street with collars and umbrellas up. It must (be raining) hard. 2. Peggotty enclosed the half-guinea in the letter; I was afraid she must (have had) a world of trouble to get it out of Mr. Barkis's box. (CD.) 3. You must (follow) my advice. There is no other way out for you. 4. I saw an old woman sleeping soundly in Green Park. A shower was falling at the time, she must (have been) drenched to the skin. (Ldn) 5. All time we were out the two gentlemen smoked incessantly — which, I thought, if I might judge from the smell of their rough coats, they must (have been doing) ever since the coats had first come home from the tailor's. 6. "The hotels must (have done) a tremendous business," old Jolyon thought. "A few years ago there had been none of these big hotels." Then he thought of his son. "... If Jo were only with him. The boy must (be) forty by now." (Gls.) 7. She must (be) angry with you. She does not even look in your direction. 8. She must (have got) angry with me. She left without saying good-bye. 9. Mary must (have been) ill, otherwise she would have come. 10. Mary must (have fallen) ill. She looked so pale and tired last night.