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№2 FUNDAMENTAL OS REQUIREMENTS
Always keep in mind that the fundamental purpose of any 11111111111 is to load and execute programs. This is true regardless of the specific goals, design features, and 11111211111of the particular operating system that you happen to be looking at.
With this fundamental idea in mind, look again at the various 11111311111that are provided within the operating system. Recall that to load and 11111411111a program, the system must provide a method of getting the program from its 11111511111on some I/O device, such as disk, into memory; it must provide locations in 11111611111for the program and its data; it must provide CPU time for the program to execute; and it must provide 11111711111to the I/O facilities that the program needs during its execution. Since 11111811111are normally sharing the system and its 11111911111, it must do all this in a way that is fair and meets the sometimes conflicting requirements of the different programs.
The lower layers of the model provide programs that fulfill these requirements. The 111111011111 layer translates logical file requests from the command shell or the user’s programs into specific physical I/O requests that are then performed by the appropriate 111111111111management programs. Resource allocation management is also provided in this layer to resolve conflicts between different programs that may require I/O services at the same time. The I/O device management and 111111211111allocation programs are sometimes known collectively as an I/O control system, or more commonly, IOCS.
The memory management and scheduling operations within the resource allocation function 111111311111if it is possible to load programs and 111111411111into memory, and, if so, where in memory the program is to be loaded. Once the program is in memory, the scheduler allocates time for the program to execute. If there are multiple programs in memory, the scheduler 111111511111to allocate time for each of them in some fair way.
1. resource
2. multiple programs
3. determine
4. I/O device
5. attempts 6. resources
7. complexity
8. storage location
9. data
10. functions 11. memory
12. operating system
13. file manager
14. execute
15. access
ответ:Число киберпреступлений увеличилось на 36% — более 4500 новых атак каждый день. Целями мошенников являются не только персональные данные, но также денежные средства. Предотвращение преступлений, предварительная защита, а также результативное расследование является основной целью специалистов в области безопасности электронных денежных потоков.
21 марта 2013 года в Москве состоится Международный Деловой Форум «Киберпреступления. Предотвращение. Защита. Расследование».
Программа мероприятия разбита на несколько блоков:
— Электронная коммерция в России. Безопасность сегодня
— Предотвращение и защита от киберпреступлений. Современная практика защиты и расследования
— SECURITI & RISK-MANAGEMENT: внутренняя безопасность компаний
— Киберпреступления. Правовые противодействия
— Безопасность клиентов
— Workshop: технические решения защиты от киберпреступлений
На Международном Деловом Форуме эксперты поднимут на обсуждение во несовершенство судебной системы; как обезопасить свой бизнес от вредоносных программ, несанкционированных взломов платежных систем; технология хищений и расследований; защита конфиденциальной информации и данных; мошенничество с кредитными картами и меры предосторожности и защиты от фишинга и др. видов киберфрода.
1. Carefully control your behavior on social networks. Virtuoso scammers are very adept at using personal information with which they can easily crack security codes and gain access to other accounts. Over the past few years, this method of cyberattack has become one of the most common.
2. For the safety of your accounts, restrict access to the inner circle of friends and relatives. Never share personal information with new online friends. Try not to advertise data containing birth dates, email addresses or pet names that can be used as passwords. All this information can be very useful for a professional hacker.
3. Do not use debit cards online. Unauthorized debit card payments are withdrawn directly from your bank account, and even if you report a violation immediately, it will take more than one week to restore the previous balance. In the case of a credit card in a similar situation, when contesting suspicious payments, the client has access to his accounts. Both types of cards have notification functions either by e-mail or in the form of SMS text, which makes it possible to quickly interrupt unauthorized actions. Visa is a leader in security solutions for its credit cards.
4. Beware of messages of this kind: “Attention! Your account has been hacked. You must call to verify your account. Send us a message and we will call you back. ”
5. Do not become a victim of Clickjacking. This type of attack is fraught with hyperlinks under what, at first glance, looks like harmless content. However, clicking the link opens a channel for malware that can invade your computer or transfer your personal information.
6. Do not be reckless in using any Wi-Fi connection. Wi-Fi hotspots are most often unsafe because they do not encode information transmitted on the Internet. Moreover, the tools used by hackers allow them to “peek” over your shoulder and fetch usernames, passwords or other information that provides access to financial accounts. Cellular network in this regard is more secure.
7. In the email messages and on the website, look carefully at the URLs, even if they contain the names of the reputable financial institutions you deal with. The most common catch is a combination of a legitimate website name and fake. These addresses very often lead to mime sites, which under the appearance of a legitimate guise hide affiliation with hacking activities. Sometimes the URL may be genuine, but when you click on the link, it takes you to another site.
8. Never click on messages sent by e-mail and offering to update personal data. In most cases, such requests are triggered after you enter your account via a non-email address.
9. Do not use the same password for different accounts. Choose unusual characters, numbers, and spaces for passwords. As an added precaution, fill out security questions with fictitious, easy-to-remember answers, rather than facts that might reveal your personal information.
10. Install antivirus and antispyware software on your computer. Make sure that these programs work and are updated automatically.
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