Задание 2. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы. Every violation of law is a crime, isn’t it?
Do different societies define crimes in the same way?
Текст :
Crime is a breach of rules or laws for which some governing authority can ultimately prescribe a punishment. Individual human societies may define crimes differently. Modern societies generally regard crimes as offences against the public or the state. The word ‘crime’ is generally associated with wrongdoing but not every type of wrongdoing is a crime. Telling lies is immoral wrong but if telling lies is put into practice resulting in physical harm to another, then such action becomes both criminal and immoral.
There are some acts which are considered to be crimes in one country but not in another. For example, it is a crime to have more than one wife at the same time in France, but not in Indonesia. There are quite a lot of agreements among states as to which acts are criminal. But such acts as stealing, physical attack or damaging somebody’s property will be unlawful in all countries and the way of dealing with people suspected of crime may be different. Sometimes government “creates” new crimes by identifying a form of behavior and passing a new law to deal with it. Different societies or governments often review their ideas of what should and shouldn’t be a crime. For example, race or sex discrimination hasn’t been considered a crime for a long time. In recent years the Internet has grown explosively and there appeared the new crimes such as unauthorized access or “hacking”, copyright infringements, child pornography, etc. Cybercrimes may intentionally harm the reputation of the victim, they may threaten a nation’s security or financial health.
Most crimes are not reported, not recorded, not followed through, or not able to be proved. When informal relationships and sanctions are insufficient to establish and maintain a desired social order, a state may impose more strict systems of social control.
I spend my summer holidays at my granny’s. There are many things there to do. What I did most of the time - I swam in the sea and sunbathed. Sometimes I made a fire with my friends at the seaside and cooked potatoes there. It was wonderful. We told anecdotes to each other, and did everything we wanted. I also got used to walk alone in the forest.
When August was coming to its end, I went on a small voyage by ship. The ship name was “Sevastopol”.
But this summer wasn’t for me only sugar and honey. I have passed through the graduating exams after school and entering exams in the university. So the bigger part of my summer vacations I spent sitting with the books. Of course, it was not interesting, but I’m glad that I did it because now I’m a student of the best university in our country.
2) Alice makes her own clothes. Scarlet has her clothes made.
3) Alice plants flowers in her garden. Scarlet has her flowers planted.
4) Alice paints her house herself. Scarlet has her house painted.
5) Alice repairs her car herself. Scarlet has her car repaired.
6) Alice cleans the windows herself. Scarlet has her windows cleaned.
7) Alice washes her linen herself. Scarlet has her linen washed.
8) Alice always does her hair herself. Scarlet has her hair done.