Задание № 2. Прочтите текст несколько раз без словаря. Выполните контрольные упражнения. The History of Education
As long as we live we continue to learn, and the education we receive when we are young helps us to continue learning. We are taught to read and write, and are taught many of the essential facts about the world and shown how to sort them out so that later in life, we shall be able to find out things without asking other people.
The first teachers were fathers and mothers, but very early in the history of man children began to be taught by people other than their fathers and mothers. It is thought that schools first started in Egypt 5,000 to 6,000 years ago, and that the invention of writing made them necessary. Reading and writing were quite different from the skills used in everyday life, and writing made it possible to store up knowledge which grew with each generation. Specially trained people were therefore needed to teach it.
Sparta and Athens were two Greek states. The Spartans gave a purely military education to their children. At the age of seven all boys of noble families were taken from their homes and sent to live in schools. They were kept under a very strict discipline and were taught hunting, military scouting, swimming and the use of weapons. The Spartans despised literature, and some people think they could not even read.
At the same time the Athenians were building what we call liberal education. They thought it important to educate the body as well as the mind, and had a programme of physical training. As time went on they paid special attention to reading, writing and literature and these were taught by a special teacher. Common people were not educated; they were trained in craftsmanship, workmanship and trades.
Greek philosophers always discussed what education should try to do and what it should include.
The Romans were very good at organizing, and they were the first people to have schools run by government free of charge. Throughout their great empire there was a network of these schools which provided for three stages of education.
In Great Britain the first teachers we read about were craftsmen. They taught children to read, write and count, to cook and mend their own shoes. In the early 19th century the main system of teaching was the "Monitor" system*. The teacher could manage a class of 100 or more by using older pupils or "monitors" to help him. The schools had long desks which were sometimes arranged so that the teacher could see every child in a large class.
*the "Monitor" system (of teaching) - Ланкастерская система образования, при которой старшие ученики следят за младшими
Контрольные упражнения к тексту. 1. Выпишите в порядке следования глаголы в страдательном залоге, укажите время.
2. Выпишите четыре сложных глагола (с предлогом или наречием), переведите их.
3. Выпишите три причастия II, в функции определения, переведите.
4. Выпишите в порядке следования все герундии, переведите их.
5. Выпишите все модальные глаголы и обороты, переведите их.
6. Выпишите сложные существительные, имеющие в составе слово man, переведите их.
7. Выпишите из первого и последнего абзацев предложения с бессоюзным
придаточным определительным предложением, подчеркните его, переведите оба
предложения.
Задание № 3. Переведите 3-ий и 4-ый абзацы текста устно и ответьте письменно,
соответствуют ли данные предложения тексту (соответствует/не соответствует). Если не
соответствует, дайте правильный вариант и переведите его:
a) At the age of seven all boys in Sparta were sent to live in schools.
в) In Athens with their liberal education they had a programme of physical training and
educated only the body.
Задание № 4. Переведите текст, кроме 3-го и 4-го абзацев, со словарем письменно.
Let's discuss some important issue of our nowadays. Social networks, are these evil or kind modern tools in our life? How happy we were, when we found out about all that great services like Facebook, ebay, instagram and similar? As an advantages we could finally find our old, lost and current friends, view ther pictures showing their lifes, chat with them, put thousands likes and have a feeling that we are stil close, that we participate somehow. We don't need to spend the hours in the shops and supermarkets any more: just several clicks are left to order, purchase and receive desired items! Lovely. We don't need to work hard on our homework because there is any information on the web we can get. But from another point of view, let's think carefully about what we lost in our life when we started to use the social networks every day. Please think about when did you call your friend last time just to talk? When did you spend the whole day on the nature? We have an illusion of real communications now, because it is much easier to write a message than to meet. When did you read a good book last time? When did you do your homework without cheating it for 100%? People have started spending more than 50% of their free time with gadgets, moover they do it at the school or at work. That is becoming a huge threat for the whole world. We are not getting clever, we are choosing the easiest ways to live. Please think about. To sum up, social networks are interesting places to spend time in, but don't forget that you have your real life passing by while you are online all days long. All of us should keep a healthy balance between or real and internet life. I suggest to choose the second option more frequently.
1.Dear Mike, thank you for writing me a letter. In you letter you asked me to tell you how I see NY in. I like this holiday best of all. The weather is wonderful. There are a lot of children in the streets. People decorate Christmas trees, houses and streets with (посмотри в переводчике гирлянда, дождик и прочие украшения). My mum cooks tasty diner. I prepare presents for my relatives and friends. People in our country like to send post cards. I must send post cards to my relatives. Hope you will like this letter. Yours, (твое имя)
2. Dear Jinny, than you for writing me a letter. In your letter you asked me to tell you how I help my mum. I always help my parents. There are a lot of household chores I can do. I wash the dishes, water the flowers, walk with my dog. Sometimes I help my mother with cooking dinner and babysit my sister. I must help my parents. Hope you will like this letter, your (твое имя)
Объяснение:
SEE new year IN - встречать новый год.
Household chores - домашние обязанности.
Babysit - няньчиться, сидеть с ребенком.