BILIM — kishilarning tabiat va jamiyat hodisalari haqida hosil qilgan maʼlumotlari; voqelikning inson tafakkurida aks etishi. Kundalik tasavvurimizda nimaning nima ekanligiga ishonsak va bu ishonchimiz biz odatlangan voqea va hodisalarga (qoidalarga) zid kelmasa bunday ishonch Bilim hisoblanadi. Voqelik haqidagi bilgan maʼlumotlarimiz Bilim darajasiga koʻtarilishi uchun quyidagi shartlarni qanoatlantirishi lozim: birinchidan, bu maʼlumotlarning voqelikka mutanosibligi; ikkinchidan, yetarli darajada ishonarli boʻlishi; uchinchidan, bu maʼlumotlar dalillar bilan asoslangan boʻlishi lozim. Uchala shart birgalikda mavjud maʼlumotlarni Bilim darajasiga olib chiqadi. Inson ijtimoiy taraqqiyot jarayonida bilmasliqdan bilishga, mavhum Bilim lardan mukammal va aniq Bilimlar hosil qilish tomon boradi. Kishining moddiy dunyo toʻgʻrisidagi Bilimi nisbiydir, u doimo rivojlanib boradi. Bilim kundalik tajriba, kuzatish orqali toʻplanadi. Bilimlarni tadqiqetuvchi taʼlimot — epistemologiyada perseptiv (hissiy), hayotiy — kundalik (sogʻlom akl) va ilmiy Bilim shakllari ajratib koʻrsatiladi. Ilmiy adabiyotlarda Bilim larning ilmiy va ilmdan tashqari shakllari ham farq qilinadi. Ilmdan tashqari Bilim larga madaniyat, adabiyot, sanʼat, mifologiya, din va sh. k. sohalarga oid Bilimlar kiradi. Odatdagi fan sohalarida tadqiq etiladigan Bilimlar ekzoterik (koʻzga tashlanuvchan) Bilimlar deb atalsa, astrologiya, va sh. k. sohalarga oid B. lar ezoterik (pinhoniy) B. lar deyiladi. Ekzoterik B. lar ilmfan qoidalariga zid kelmaydigan boʻlsa, ezoterik B. lar bunday qoidalarga zid kelishi mumkin.
My room is small, but it is very cozy and bright. My room belongs only to me and no one shares it with me. In addition, my room is the most distant from the other rooms in my house and no one can eavesdrop on me.
There is a bed, bookshelves and a writing desk with a computer on it. My room is not just a place where I can relax, it is also a place where I can work! There are many large and exotic plants. It creates a special atmosphere here.
I love traveling and soccer, so on the walls in my room there are a lot of pictures and posters of footballers or different countries. Also I collect model cars, so on my shelf you can see a number of beautiful and old-fashioned cars. I personally believe that precisely this collection of selected cars and posters on the walls makes my room a bit special and unique.
There is also a stereo system and a guitar. Sometimes when I stay home alone, I turn on the music at full volume, or play guitar with friends. No matter what anyone says, my room is great!
Відповідь:
BILIM — kishilarning tabiat va jamiyat hodisalari haqida hosil qilgan maʼlumotlari; voqelikning inson tafakkurida aks etishi. Kundalik tasavvurimizda nimaning nima ekanligiga ishonsak va bu ishonchimiz biz odatlangan voqea va hodisalarga (qoidalarga) zid kelmasa bunday ishonch Bilim hisoblanadi. Voqelik haqidagi bilgan maʼlumotlarimiz Bilim darajasiga koʻtarilishi uchun quyidagi shartlarni qanoatlantirishi lozim: birinchidan, bu maʼlumotlarning voqelikka mutanosibligi; ikkinchidan, yetarli darajada ishonarli boʻlishi; uchinchidan, bu maʼlumotlar dalillar bilan asoslangan boʻlishi lozim. Uchala shart birgalikda mavjud maʼlumotlarni Bilim darajasiga olib chiqadi. Inson ijtimoiy taraqqiyot jarayonida bilmasliqdan bilishga, mavhum Bilim lardan mukammal va aniq Bilimlar hosil qilish tomon boradi. Kishining moddiy dunyo toʻgʻrisidagi Bilimi nisbiydir, u doimo rivojlanib boradi. Bilim kundalik tajriba, kuzatish orqali toʻplanadi. Bilimlarni tadqiqetuvchi taʼlimot — epistemologiyada perseptiv (hissiy), hayotiy — kundalik (sogʻlom akl) va ilmiy Bilim shakllari ajratib koʻrsatiladi. Ilmiy adabiyotlarda Bilim larning ilmiy va ilmdan tashqari shakllari ham farq qilinadi. Ilmdan tashqari Bilim larga madaniyat, adabiyot, sanʼat, mifologiya, din va sh. k. sohalarga oid Bilimlar kiradi. Odatdagi fan sohalarida tadqiq etiladigan Bilimlar ekzoterik (koʻzga tashlanuvchan) Bilimlar deb atalsa, astrologiya, va sh. k. sohalarga oid B. lar ezoterik (pinhoniy) B. lar deyiladi. Ekzoterik B. lar ilmfan qoidalariga zid kelmaydigan boʻlsa, ezoterik B. lar bunday qoidalarga zid kelishi mumkin.
Пояснення:
My room is small, but it is very cozy and bright. My room belongs only to me and no one shares it with me. In addition, my room is the most distant from the other rooms in my house and no one can eavesdrop on me.
There is a bed, bookshelves and a writing desk with a computer on it. My room is not just a place where I can relax, it is also a place where I can work! There are many large and exotic plants. It creates a special atmosphere here.
I love traveling and soccer, so on the walls in my room there are a lot of pictures and posters of footballers or different countries. Also I collect model cars, so on my shelf you can see a number of beautiful and old-fashioned cars. I personally believe that precisely this collection of selected cars and posters on the walls makes my room a bit special and unique.
There is also a stereo system and a guitar. Sometimes when I stay home alone, I turn on the music at full volume, or play guitar with friends. No matter what anyone says, my room is great!