Кусок пластилина упал с третьего этажа. Его масса равна 50\ г50 г, удельная теплоёмкость пластилина — 2{,}5 \frac{кДж}{кг \cdot ^{\circ}С}2,5 кг⋅ ∘ С кДж , 11 этаж =3\ м=3 м. Считая, что вся кинетическая энергия во время удара перешла во внутреннюю, определи, на сколько градусов нагрелся кусок пластилина. Запиши ответ числом.
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60 °С
Объяснение:
Основная формула теплоемкости: Q = M*С*T, где Q - количество теплоты, М - масса, Т - температура, С - теплоемкость. (Вообще, пишут ΔТ, но, в нашей задаче можно считать ΔТ = Т - количество теплоты относительно 0°С. )
Масса кофе после доливания воды составляет
Mкофе = Мокофе+ Мводы = 60+20 = 80 г.
Количество теплоты кофе Qкофе после доливания воды составляет
Qкофе = Mкофе*Скофе*Tкофе (1)
Количество теплоты воды Qводы составляет:
Qводы = Mводы*Своды*Tводы (2)
Количество теплоты кофе, до того как в него налили воды составляет:
Qокофе = Mокофе*Скофе*Tокофе (3),
таким образом получаем:
Qкофе = Qокофе + Qводы (4)
Подставляя d (4) выражения для Q из формул (1),(2),(3) получаем:
Mкофе*Скофе*Tкофе = Mокофе*Скофе*Tокофе + Mводы*Своды*Tводы
Сокращаем теплоемкость, т.к. по условию задачи
Скофе=Своды, получаем:
Токофе = (Ткофе*Мкофе - Тводы*Мводы)/Мкофе
Подставляем значения:
Токофе = (80*50 - 20*20)/60 = 60 °С