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Al2O3 + 6HNO3 = 2Al(NO3)3 + 3H2O
Al₂O₃ + 6H + 6NO₃ = 2Al³⁺ + 6NO₃⁻ + 3H₂O
Al₂O₃ + 6H⁺ = 2Al³⁺ + 3H₂O
Zn(OH)₂+ 2HCl = ZnCl₂ + 2H₂O
Zn(OH)₂ + 2H⁺ + 2Cl⁻ = Zn²⁺ + 2Cl⁻ + 2H₂O
Zn(OH)₂ + 2H⁺ = Zn²⁺ + 2H2O
2H₂SO₄(разб) + Сu +O₂(воздух) = 2CuSO₄ + 2H₂O
4H⁺+2SO₄²⁻ + Cu⁰ + O₂⁰ = 2Cu²⁺ + 2SO₄ + 2H₂O
4H⁺+O₂⁰ = 2H₂O
Mg + H2SO₄(разб.) = MgSO₄ + H₂
Mg⁰ + 2H⁺+SO₄²⁻ = Mg²⁺+SO₂²⁻ + H₂⁰
Mg⁰ + 2H⁺ = Mg²⁺ + H₂⁰
P₂O₅+HC(?) ?
CaCO₃ + 2HCl = CaCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂
CaCO₃ + 2H⁺ + 2Cl⁻ = Ca²⁺ + 2Cl⁻ + H₂O + CO₂
CaCO₃ + 2H⁺ = Ca²⁺ + H₂O + CO₂

1. C2H6 + Br2 = C2H5Br + HBr
C2H5Br + NaOH = C2H5OH + NaBr
C2H5OH + CH3COOH ---(H2SO4)---> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH = CH3COONa + C2H5OH
CH3COONa + NaOH + t (сплав) = CH4 + Na2CO3  CH4 + t = C2H2
C2H2 + HCl = CH2=CH-Cl    nCH2=CH-Cl = [-CH2-CH(Cl)-]n

2. CH3COOCH3 ---(NaOH/H2O)---> CH3COONa + CH3OH
CH3OH + O2 ---(V2O5/t)---> HCOH + H2O
HCOH + [Ag(NH3)2]OH = Ag + HCOOH + H2O + 2NH3
HCOH ---(H2/Ni)---> CH3OH
CH3OH + C2H5COOH ---(H2SO4)---> C2H5COOCH3 + H2O
C2H5COOCH3 + NaOH (водн) = C2H5COONa + CH3OH
C2H5COONa + NaOH + t (сплав) = C2H6 + Na2CO3

3. C3H7OH ---(Cu/t)---> C2H5CHO + H2
C2H5CHO + Cu(OH)2 = C2H5COOH + Cu2O
C2H5COOH + C2H5OH ---(H2SO4)---> C2H5COOC2H5
C2H5COOC2H5 + NaOH (водн) = C2H5COONa + C2H5OH