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СаСО3 → СаО + СО2↑ (р.1)
CO2 + NaOH(разб.) → NaHCО3 (р.2) или
СО2 + 2NaOH(конц.) → Na2CO3 + H2O (р.3)
По р.1: n(CO2)= n(СаСО3)
n(СаСО3) = m/M = 40 / 100 = 0,4 моль ⇒ n(CO2)=0,4 моль
n(NaOH) = m/M = m(р-ра) ∙ ω / М
m(NaOH) = m(р-ра) ∙ ω
m(р-ра) = V (р-ра) ∙ ρ (р-ра)
⇒ n(NaOH) = V (р-ра) ∙ ρ (р-ра) ∙ ω / M(NaOH) = 350 ∙ 1,076 ∙ 0,07 / 40 = 0,66 моль
7% р-р это почти 2М, но все-таки недостаточно конц., поэтому начнем с р.2
По р.2 n(NaOH)= n(СО2) = n(NaHCО3) ⇒ для реакции с 0,4 моль СО2 требуются 0,4 моль NaOH, весь СО2 прореагирует, 0,66 – 0,4 = 0,26 моль NaOH останутся в избытке, и образуются 0,4 моль NaHCО3.
В рез. реакции в полученном растворе будут:
m(NaOH, изб.) = n(NaOH, изб.) ∙ М(NaOH, изб.) = 0,26 ∙ 40 = 10,4 г
m(NaHCО3) = n(NaHCО3) ∙ М(NaHCО3) = 0,4 ∙ 84 = 33,6 г
Вода в реакции не участвовала, поэтому масса растворителя не изменилась:
m(воды) = m(р-ра) - m(NaOH)
m(р-ра) = V (р-ра) ∙ ρ (р-ра) = 350 ∙ 1,076 = 376,6 г
m(NaOH) = m(р-ра) ∙ ω = 376,6 ∙ 0,07 = 26,4 г
⇒ m(воды) = 376,6 - 26,4 = 350,2 г
Массовые доли (ω, %) веществ в полученном растворе:
ω%(в-ва) = m(в-ва) ∙ 100 / m(получ. р-ра)
m(получ. р-ра) = m(воды) + m(NaHCО3) + m(NaOH, изб.)
m(получ. р-ра)= 350,2 + 33,6 + 10,4 = 394,2 г
ω%(NaHCО3) = 33,6 ∙ 100 / 394,2 = 8,52%
ω%(NaOH) = 10,4 ∙ 100 / 394,2 = 2,64%
m(Na2O)=12.4g
CO2
а)Na2CO3
Б)NaHCO3
найти V1(CO2)-? V2(CO2)-?
Решение
12.4 X
A) Na2O+H2O-->2NaOH
62 2*40
1.6 XL
2NaOH+CO2-->Na2CO3+H2O
80 22.4
M(Na2O)=62g/mol . M(NaOH)=40g/mol, Vm=22.4L/mol
1) 12.4/62 = x/80 X=1.6g
2) 1.6/80 = x/22.4 x=0.448 L
Б)
12.4 X
Na2O+H2O-->2NaOH
62 2*40
1.6 XL
NaOH+CO2-->NaНCO3
40 22.4
M(Na2O)=62g/mol . M(NaOH)=40g/mol,Vm=22.4 L/mol
1) 12.4/62 = x/80 X=1.6g
2) 1.6/40 = X/22.4 X=0.896L
ответ V1(CO2)=0.448 L ,V2(CO2)=0.896 L