Listening Task 1. Listen about Marco Polo twice. Answer the questions.
1. Who was Marco Polo?
2. What country did Marco visit when he was 18?
3. How did Marco, his father and uncle feel when they came to Beijing?
4. What did Marco Polo write about his adventures?
5. Why did people think that the stories in the book were not true?
ИСТОРИЯ ЛОНДОНА
Римляне были первыми, кто обосновались (в этих местах) и заняли кельтскую крепость Лондиниум. Лондон вскоре стал оживленным коммерческим и административным поселением.
Римская империя пала в V веке. Лондон сохранил свою торговую деятельность. В IX веке захватчики-даны (датчане) уничтожили большую часть города. За ними последовали саксы во главе с королем Альфредом Великим, который вошел в город в 886 году. Однако датчане оставались могущественной силой в Англии, и только во время правления Эдуарда Исповедника, которое началось в 1042 году, гражданская стабильность была восстановлена, чтобы быть закрепленной Норманским завоеванием в 1066 году.
В 1665 году Лондон был опустошен сначала Великой чумой, а затем пожаром, который уничтожил большую часть города в следующем году. Во время восстановления города, с соблюдением первоначального расположения улиц, архитектору сэру Кристоферу Рену было поручено проектирование ряда зданий, финансируемых государством, включая Собор Святого Павла.
В XIX веке население Лондона начало расти еще быстрее: оно увеличилось в шесть раз за столетие в целом, благодаря притоку (населения) со всех Британских островов, из колоний Великобритании и из континентальной Европы. Промышленная революция создавала огромное количество рабочих мест, но недостаточно, чтобы удовлетворить надежды всех бедных людей, которые приезжали в столицу. В романах Чарльза Диккенса рассказывается о социальных проблемах того периода.
Первая мировая война мало повлияла на Лондон, но депрессия, последовавшая в конце 1920-х и начале 1930-х годов, поразила всю страну, в том числе столицу. Случались марши безработных и беспорядки. Лондону предстояло заплатить намного более дорогую цену во время Второй мировой войны. Интенсивная бомбардировка Лондона (операция "Блиц") в 1940-1941 годах унесла жизни 10 000 человек и оставила 17 000 раненых. Были повреждены многочисленные исторические здания, в том числе Палаты Парламента.
После войны Лондон вновь возродился как совершенно другой город. Доки были настолько сильно повреждены, что восстановление — очень дорогой процесс — было бы неразумным шагом. К концу 1950-х годов большая часть военного ущерба была устранена.
Contents
The Reader of Books Mr Wormwood, the Great Car Dealer
The Hat and the Superglue
The Ghost Arithmetic The Platinum-Blond Man Miss Honey
The Trunchbull The Parents Throwing the Hammer
Bruce Bogtrotter and the Cake
Lavender The Weekly Test
The First Miracle The Second Miracle Miss Honey’s Cottage
Miss Honey’s Story
The Names The Practice
The Third Miracle A New HomeThe Reader of Books
It’s a funny thing about mothers and fathers. Even when their own child is the most disgusting little blister you could ever imagine, they still think that he or she is wonderful.
Some parents go further. They become so blinded by adoration they manage to convince themselves their child has qualities of genius.
Well, there is nothing very wrong with all this. It’s the way of the world. It is only when the parents begin telling us about the brilliance of their own revolting offspring, that we start shouting, "Bring us a basin! We’re going to be sick!"
School teachers suffer a good deal from having to listen to this sort of twaddle from proud parents, but they usually get their
own back when the time comes to write the end-of-term reports. If I were a teacher I would cook up some real scorchers for the children of doting parents. "Your son Maximilian", I would write, "is a total wash- out. I hope you have a family business you can push him into when he leaves school because he sure as heck won’t get a job anywhere else." Or if I were feeling lyrical that day, I might write, "It is a curious truth that grasshoppers have their hearing-organs in the sides of the abdomen. Your daughter Vanessa, judging by what she’s learnt this term, has no hearing-organs at all."
I might even delve deeper into natural history and say, "The periodical cicada spends six years as a grub underground, and no more than six days as a free creature of
sunlight and air. Your son Wilfred has spent six years as a grub in this school and we are still waiting for him to emerge from the chrysalis." A particularly poisonous little girl might sting me into saying, "Fiona has the same glacial beauty as an iceberg, but unlike the iceberg she has absolutely nothing below the surface." I
think I might enjoy writing end-of-term reports for the stinkers in my class. But enough of that. We have to get on.
Occasionally one comes across parents who take the opposite line, who show no interest at all in their children, and these of course are far worse than the doting ones. Mr and Mrs Wormwood were two such parents. They had a son called Michael and a daughter called Matilda, and the parents
looked upon Matilda in particular as nothing more than a scab. A scab is something you have to put up with until the time comes when you can pick it off and flick it away. Mr and Mrs Wormwood looked forward enormously to the time when they could pick their little daughter off and flick her away, preferably into the next county or even further than that.
It is bad enough when parents treat ordinary children as though they were scabs and bunions, but it becomes somehow a lot worse when the child in question is extraordinary, and by that I mean sensitive and brilliant. Matilda was both of these things, but above all she was brilliant. Her mind was so nimble and she was so quick to learn that her ability should have been obvious even to the most half-witted of
parents. But Mr and Mrs Wormwood were both so gormless and so wrapped up in their own silly little lives that they failed to notice anything unusual about their daughter.