Market and command economies economics is a science that analyses what? how and for whom society produces. the central economic problem is to reconcile the conflict between people’s unlimited demands with society’s ability to produce goods and services. in industrial western countries markets are to allocate resources. the market is the process by which production and consumption are coordinated through prices. in a command economy, a central planning office makes decisions on what, how and for whom to produce. economy cannot rely entirely on command, but there was extensive planning in many soviet bloc countries. a free market economy has no government intervention. resources are allocated entirely through markets. modern economies in the west are mixed and rely mainly on the market but with a large does of government intervention. the optimal level of government intervention remains a problem whish is of interest to economists. the degree of government restrictions differs greatly between countries that have command economies and counties that have free market economies. in the former, resources are allocated by central government planning. in the latter, there is not any government regulation of the consumption, production and exchange of goods. between the two main types lies the mixed economy where market and government are both of importance. задайте к тексту 5 специальных вопросов, 5 общих вопросов, 3 альтернативных и 3 разделительных вопроса.

New Year is a special holiday, which is loved and cherished by nearly every child in the world. Children are especially keen on this day as they get extra attention from the grown-ups and from Santa Claus, of course.

Each year I celebrate the beginning of the year with my family. It is well-known that New Year and Christmas are family-type holidays. That’s why we all gather at home in the evening for the festive meal. Sometimes we invite guests over. For example, last year we invited our uncle with his wife and kids. I should say it was lots of fun. They live in the suburbs, but as they wanted to see the fireworks in the center of the city, they decided to join us. Our house is situated two blocks away from the central square. That’s very convenient when there are special performances there. With my family we usually have a large and nourishing meal, which includes a roast chicken, some salads, my mum’s delicious cakes and champagne.

As the clock strikes twelve, grown-ups toast with a glass of champagne to the coming year. Me and my uncle’s children had some juice. After dinner we exchange presents and find some under the Christmas tree.

Then we leave the house and go straight towards the square to watch the colorful fireworks. The night of New Year is full of exciting developments. I especially like when there is snow outside, but that doesn’t happen every year in our region.

2)She has scored twenty points in the match.

3)We have watched all the Champions League matches this season.

4)That's amazing! She has run fifteen kilometers this morning!

5)She has bought some really nice rollerblades!

6)Oh, no! I have lost my money!

7)My mum has written shopping list. It's on the kitchen table.

8)Dad, you have eaten my biscuit!

9)I’m tired. I have watched three X-Files videos.

10)Hurry up! They have started the film!

11)Mary has studied hard this year, so she'll pass her exams.

12)Oh no! She has droped the plate!

13)The garden is very green. It has rained a lot this month.

14)These are my favourite trousers. I have had them for five years.

15)Tom's my best friend. I have known him for three years.

16)They have lived in Miami for two years. Jo has earache.

17)He has had it since 7 o'clock.

18)Brad has lived in Chicago since 1998