SCOTLAND
Although Scotland forms a part of the United Kingdom, it has a distinct character of its own.
In area it is more than half as big as England. Its population is, however, only one-eighth as great
— about 5 200 000.
Scotland is a land of romance and it has had a most eventful history. The Picts and Celts
lived there before the coming of the Romans to Britain. Those Northern tribes worried the
Romans so much that the Great Wall was built to protect the Roman camps in the Northern part
of England.
It was in the 11th century that the Normans began to settle in Scotland. Almost all of
Scotland's history is accociated with and reflected in many castles and forts that are to be seen all
over the country. They are very picturesque, having retained their medieval features: stern,
proud, impressive, perched high on a rock or at a hillside. Mary, Queen of Scots, the beautiful
Mary Stuart was married in one of them, her son James (who was to become James I of England)
was born in another.
And now some words about the Highlands. For centuries the Highlands were a strange land,
where the king's law common to all the rest of the country, wasn't even known, where wild
people spoke a language no one could understand. Long after the rest of Britain adopted modern
ways they kept to the old life.
In 1603 King James VI of Scotland became King James I of England too, and from then
onwards the countries were under the same monarch, though the Act of Union was not passed
until 1707. This Act incorporated Scotland with England in the United Kingdom, but the Scots
kept their own legal system, religion and administration, centred in Edinburgh.
Edinburgh – the capital of Scotland has always been admired as one of the most beautiful
cities. Glasgow – its second city – always had a bad reputation. It was too often seen as a dirty,
run-down urban area. But no longer. The buildings have been cleaned up, the streets are tidy and
the people now take an obvious pride in their city. Glasgow was chosen to be the cultural capital
of Europe 1890.
Not far from Glasgow there is one of the most famous of Scotland's many lakes (called «lochs»),
Loch Lomond. Scottish numerous valleys are known as «glens». Scotland is a country with an
intense and living national tradition of a kind only too rare in the modern world. It has its
distinctive national dress, the kilt, worn only by men. It also has its own typical musical
instruments (the pipes, sometimes called «the bagpipes»), its own national form of dancing, its own songs, language, traditions and education. Scotland has even its own national drink, a fact
so widely known that one need only ask for «Scotch».
Notes
The Picts and Celts – пикты и кельты (племена)
tribe — племя
camp — лагерь
to pass the Act — принять Акт/Закон (в парламенте)
В
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1. I haven't seen your brother lately.
2. Have you ever seen the sea?
3. When I came in he had just finished his homework.
4. He suddenly realized that he had left his umbrella in the bus.
5. He was bathing in the river when it began to rain.
6. The train arrived 10 minutes ago.
7. It's time to wake him up. He was sleeping for ten hours.
8. He often went to the skating-rink last winter.
9. He was crossing the street when I called him.
10. What happened to you? You are so excited!
11. I can't tell you her telephone number, as I have forgotten it.
12. Where did you put my hat? I can't find it.
13. When he came into the room, he saw a man who was sitting on the sofa. He at once remembered that it was the man he had seen at his brother's house a few days before.
14. When I called at his house they told me that he had left an hour before.
15. Where is P.? He has gone home. He left the room a few minutes ago.
16. Let's have dinner, Peter. -No, thank you. I have already had dinner.
17. He returned home very late, as he had lost his way in the fog.
18. We had known each other since I came to Moscow.
19. The ship had already covered half the distance when a storm broke out.
20. When we were in the Crimea we visited the places where we had lived in our childhood.
21. Have you read "great Expectations" by Dickens? - Yes, I read it many years ago.
22. He is a party member since 1945.
23. It is time to begin the meeting, as all the students have come.
1. Я не видел твоего брата в последнее время.
2. Вы когда-нибудь видели море?
3. Когда я вошел, он только что закончил свою домашнюю работу.
4. Он вдруг понял, что он оставил свой зонтик в автобусе.
5. Он купался в реке, когда начался дождь.
6. Поезд прибыл 10 минут назад.
7. Пора разбудить его. Он спал в течение десяти часов.
8. Он часто ходил на каток зимой года.
9. Он шел по улице, когда я позвал (окликнул) его.
10. Что с тобой случилось? Ты так взволнован!
11. Я не могу сказать вам номер ее телефона, как я забыл его.
12. Куда ты положил мою шляпу? Я не могу ее найти.
13. Когда он вошел в комнату, он увидел мужчину, который сидел на диване. Он сразу вспомнил, что это был человек, которого он видел в доме его брата несколько дней назад.
14. Когда я позвонил в его дом, мне сказали, что он уехал час тому назад.
15. Где P.? Он ушел домой. Он вышел из комнаты несколько минут назад.
16. Давай обедать, Питер. - Нет Я уже пообедал.
17. Он вернулся домой очень поздно, так как он заблудился (потерял дорогу) в тумане.
18. Мы знаем друг друга, с тех пор как я приехал в Москву.
19.Корабль уже половину расстояния, когда началлся шторм.
20. Когда мы были в Крыму, мы посетили места, где мы жили в нашем детстве.
21. Вы читали "Большие надежды" Диккенса? - Да, я читал ее много лет тому назад.
22. Он является членом партии с 1945 года.
23. Пора начинать конференцию, так как все студенты пришли.