What is land pollution? the main reason of pollution is rubbish. most of our rubbish goes to big holes in the ground, called ‘dumps’, or landfill, where the garbage truck empties it to into the ground. but dumps(куча) are very dangerous for our life because they are full of rats, which can carry infections away from dumps. another way to get rid of rubbish is to burn it. but the fires make poisons, which go into the air and pollute it. now we are making so much garbage that in many places, there is not enough room to bury it all. we have to act fast and cut down the amount of garbage we make. we can recycle and reject. if we recycle and reject we will produce a lot less garbage, and help keep our planet green. what is air pollution? since ancient times nature has served man, being the source of his life. about 200 years ago the air was clean. but with the development of civilization man's interference in nature began to increase. large cities have appeared all over the world today. the product of their activity pollutes the air we breathe. today the air is so polluted in some places that its not always safe to breathe there. every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with about 1000 million tons of dust and harmful substances. many cities suffer from smog. this is so strong in some places that the air, which should be a beautiful blue, looks brown. the increase in traffic is threatening serious air pollution in our cities, because vehicles, not factories, produce most of toxic micro-particles(частицы), which do most harm. toxic gases appear in the atmosphere in critical concentration of carbon dioxide is expected to increase at rates that could change the worlds climate. what is water pollution? the planet earth is mostly water. all our life depends on the water. but we are not doing a very good job of keeping water clean. rivers and lakes are polluted by garbage or by poisonous chemicals which are dumped right into them. underground water can be polluted by gasoline or by harmful liquids that seep into the ground. the seas are in danger. they are filled with poison: industrial and nuclear waste, chemical fertilizers and pesticides. the mediterranean is already nearly dead; the north sea is following. the aral sea is on the brink of extinction. if nothing is done about it, one day nothing will be able to live in the seas. what are acid rains? another source of global danger is acid rain. it is a relatively new kind of pollution. when power plants burn coal to make electricity, and when cars burn gasoline, invisible gases are released into the air. some of these gases mix with water and make it acidic. some times the gases get into rain clouds, where they get mixed with rain or snow. acid rains appeared as a reaction of the atmosphere to the air contamination. acid rains damage water, forest, and soil resources. acid rains cause the disappearance of fish from many lakes; bring death to the forests and woods in europe and america. its very important for us to stop making acid rains. we must drive our cars less, to save energy. the less energy we use, the less coal those power plants will have to burn. what is the greenhouse effect? what caused the "greenhouse effect"? the "greenhouse effect" is caused by carbon dioxide, which prevents heat from escaping. global warming or the "greenhouse effect" can cause melting of the polar ice caps, raising of the sea level, and flooding of the coastal areas of the world. there is every reason to fear that such a climatic change may take place. if the earths temperature gets hotter by just a few degrees, it could change the weather all over the planet in many ways. what is the ozone hole? up in the sky, above the air we breathe, theres a layer of gas called ozone. it helps us by blocking out the sun rays that can harm our skin, and by letting the rays that are good for us come through. now the ozone layer is being damaged by gases that people have made. the gases are called cfcs. they are used in refrigerators, air conditioners, plastic foam and some other things. the cfcs float up to the top of the atmosphere, where the ozone layer is, and eat up the ozone. it increases the risk of skin cancer, weakens the immune system of people. scientists are very concerned about the ozone layer, because a lot of it has gone away in just a few years. составьте таблицу на три столбика 1 столбие - проблема , 2 столбик - причина , 3 столбик - последствия
