Раскройте скобки, употребив глаголы в требуемых видовременных и залоговых формах. The first bridges (1) (to believe) to be made by nature – as simple as a log fallen across a stream. The first bridges made by humans were probably spans of wooden logs or planks and eventually stones, (2) (to use) a simple support and crossbeam arrangement.
The Indian Epic literature Ramayana (3) (to provise) mythological accounts of bridges constructed from India to Sri Lanka by the army of Sri Rama, the mythological King of Ayodhya.
Mention of bridges being constructed by Mauryan dynasty in India, (4) (to give) in Kautilya’s “Arthasastra”. During the wars Mughals have constructed many bridges across major rivers, in India.
Before pre-historic people (5) (to begin) to build the crudest shelter for themselves they bridged streams. Trees that (6) (to fall) across the stream from bank to bank acted as bridges. The wandering tribe that first deliberately made a tree fall across a stream were the first bridge builders.
Observing monkeys (7) (to swing) of the several vines, led to connecting parallel cables with some sort of cross pieces, to support as bridges. Later hand grips were proved which led to suspension bridges.
Rope bridges, a simple type of suspension bridge, were used by the Inca civilization in the Andes Mountains of South America.
The first bridges (8) (to be) natural of huge rock arch that spans. The first man-made bridges were tree trunks laid across streams in girder fashion, flat stones, and festoons of vegetation, twisted or braided and hung in suspension.
These three types – beam, arch, and suspension – (9) (to know) and built since ancient times and are the origins from which engineers and builders (10) (to derive) various combinations such as the truss, cantilever, cable-stayed, tied-arch, and moveable spans.
Exotic or wild animals live in forests, savannahs, jungles, deserts, mountains. They are used to living in the wild. Ideally, each animal should live in its natural habitat, not in the zoo or circus. I sympathize with the wild animals that live in cages. It means that fast cheetahs can’t run around, proud eagles can’t fly as high as they want to, hippos can’t stay in water as much as they like. Basically, kept in captivity, exotic animals can’t roam or show their natural instincts.
It has lately become popular to keep exotic animals as pets. People purchase snakes, peacocks, tigers, monkeys, crocodiles, poisonous spiders and put them in cages or aquariums. In my opinion, it’s a real torture for poor animals. From the other hand, there are certain exotic animals, which can be kept in domestic conditions. For example, hamsters, turtles, lizards, parrots, mini-monkeys called marmosets. Such animals can feel comfortable in houses. Besides, they bring so much happiness to kids.
Unfortunately, there are some disadvantages of keeping exotic animals. Firstly, they can be unpredictable and unfriendly sometimes. For example, I’ve heard of a case when parrot bit its owner’s finger. Secondly, they can carry dangerous bacteria. It is especially true about mice and hamsters. Thirdly, it can be hard to take care of them. And, finally, owning some exotic animals as pets can be against the law.
- What's happened? Why are you crying?
- I've broken your car.
- You've broken what? My car?
- Yes, I'm so sorry. I don't know how this happened.
- I do. You have always been such a bad driver! You have never learnt how to park a car. And now my car is broken. Thank you! Thank you very much!
- I told you, I am sorry. What else do I need to say?
- I see that it's not all. Any other problems, darling?
- I've lost my credit card and now the ten thousand dollars I've saved for our holiday have disappeared.
- Why haven't you called the bank and got your card blocked?
- I have. But, it... it's been too late.
- Ok, I don't know what to say. I'm leaving now. We'll talk when I come back.
- Where are you going?
- It's none of your business. I'll be late tonight. Bye.